Monday, January 27, 2014

Daddy

Here's one of my father's favorite jokes:

This hotel chambermaid gets on the elevator with her cart full of cleaning supplies. After the doors close, she realizes she has to pass gas and decides to take advantage of the empty elevator to do so. The smell is awful and she sprays pine scent to cover it. To her horror, the doors open before she arrives at her floor. A drunk enters the elevator and immediately grimaces, saying, "Whew!!!" "What's wrong?" the maid asks. The drunk answers, "Smells like someone shit a Christmas tree!"

My father, Don Louie Deskins, Sr., probably did not learn that joke in classes he took during the semester he attended the University of Virginia.

He told me once that he took a train from Man, West Virginia, to Charlottesville to go to school. They assembled the freshman class for orientation and were addressed by the student body president, who informed them that while they were attending "Mr. Jefferson's University," they would dress with a white collared-shirt and and necktie, not in denim and flannel, "like some hillbilly." He looked around to discover that all of his classmates wore white shirts with neckties; he alone was clothed in denim and flannel.

He could be a dandy, though, especially for a farm boy who had grown up in Mingo and Logan counties in West Virginia.  I borrowed a pink cashmere sweater that he had once worn in high school. He told me he had to whip several members of the football team to wear that sweater.

He was born during the Depression, the fifth of seven living children of Robert Lee Deskins and Bertha Tate. They were Junior, Harold, Jack, Eldon, Daddy, and his sisters Awayn and Niawana.

He was the descendent of colorful characters, to be sure. His maternal grandfather, Colonel Fawsburg Tate, who was not a colonel but had been named for one, had been sheriff of Knott County, KY, and may have murdered a man. He married his wife, Sarah Ann, and fled her father's wrath by living on a Cherokee reservation in Oklahoma. Daddy's mother, Bertha, named her two daughters for childhood friends from that time.

Bertha loomed large in my father's imagination. Her husband had lost his leg after it was crushed between two coal cars when he worked at the company store for Winco Coal at Winco Block. He didn't lose it immediately, but eventually had to have it amputated. Such was his prowess with women, apparently, that he "took up" with a nurse at the hospital during his stay there. The story was told that Bertha dressed her children in their best clothes, packed their bags, and took them to the woman's house. "If you take my husband, these come with him," she said. The nurse declined the offer.

Lee, as he was called, died of a heart attack at the age of 41, when my father was just 10 years old.

Bertha did what any savvy woman of the period would have done, if she had mouths to feed. She remarried a man named Pat Moore who owned a furniture store in Man, West Virginia, and packed up the children who were still at home and moved from the farm in Mingo County.

My father loved music. I remember him singing always when I was a child: "Paper Doll," "In the Garden," "Why Don't You Love Me," and "The Little White Cloud That Sat Right Down and Cried," by Johnny Ray. He had joined the band when he began attending Man High School, first playing the alto horn (the "peck horn," they called it) and then a proper "French" horn. He told me he had never seen any instrument before then other than a fiddle or banjo, and the organ and piano at church. He recounted to me more than once playing the solo from a piece entitled "In a Persian Market." It came time for the concert and the boy who sat second chair behind my dad pretended he was playing, too. Daddy just quit playing and sat his instrument in his lap, letting everyone see who had really been playing the sounds they heard.

His mother had wanted him to go to school when he graduated, to become a doctor. The one semester at UVA was enough to disabuse his medical notions and he enrolled at West Virginia University to study mining engineering. Then came another war, this one in Korea, and Daddy enrolled in the Air Force. Yet instead of heading to Seoul, he was sent to Kaiserslautern, Germany, where he worked in radio and communications. He also capitalized on post-war German life, living off-base in a house he rented cheaply, hiring a German couple to cook and clean for him, dating German women, and going to Oktoberfest in Munich. He learned German, put on thirty pounds, was promoted (and perhaps demoted), and returned home.

He dated women back home, including one he was so serious about he became engaged to her. In fact, he was with this woman when he met Dora Leigh Bassham. She attended high school with his sister Niawana. He broke the engagement and began seeing the woman who eventually became my mother. The two went to Mother's senior prom one month and were married the next. She was 17; he was 25.

It was 1956 and they stayed married for the next 58 years, though God only knows how. My mother quit college when she got pregnant the first time and they raised five children together: Don, Jr., called "Dusty" by most of us; Mark; Sandy Jo; Sarah; and me. I'm the baby of the family, following my twin sister by five minutes. He used to tell people that he had five kids because he'd read that one in every six children born was Chinese, and he didn't want a Chinese baby. It's remarkable to me at times that the same two people raised all five of us. I love my siblings, but we all turned out differently. I half-expect to piss one or more of them off just by writing this.

My dad worked primarily in coal, eventually becoming a preparation plant foreman, a "tipple boss" in the common parlance, as in "he cusses like a tipple boss" (which Daddy did) and "he has an ass like a tipple boss" (which he did not). They moved from Logan County and refer to that exit as the children of Israel undoubtedly remembered the Exodus in the years that followed. They were awhile in Richwood and then landed in Herndon, in Wyoming County, where they lived when I was born.

They came to Raleigh County when my father took a job for Eastern Coal at Affinity. He built the house that I grew up in from the foundation up, taking my two older brothers each day after work and school to complete a portion of it. When the basement was finished, we all moved in, and the house became my father's project for the next 40 years. The kitchen was in the basement until just a few years ago, something that never struck me as odd but seemed to perplex others. He tiled one hall with slate he brought from work.

Once he moved to Raleigh County, he was loathe to leave, even for a short time. The phrase "a man's home is his castle," could well have been written about Daddy. He resented family for infrequent visits, yet rarely traveled to see them.

As a consequence, we took few vacations growing up. My father seemed to resent being bound by plans, even when he had made those plans himself. The two vacations I remember taking both began when he announced at dinner that we were to go pack: we would be leaving for the beach that night. We would arrive with no reservations and were likely to leave just as abruptly when he'd had his fill of the place.

Likewise, he was likely to promise trips to the swimming pool or shopping, only to change his mind as the day progressed. It was really maddening as a kid, but I understand that impulse more now.

To say my father was an imposing presence in the house would be a great understatement.

We never ate anything my father disliked, so the only time we had beef stroganoff, my mother's favorite meal, was when he was away.

He had smoked from age 8 and my childhood memories are filled with Kent cigarettes and King Edward cigars. I was burned by both on multiple occasions, quite unintentionally, while playing at his feet.

He taught us that education was the most important thing there was, but got angry that my mother bought so many books.

He wasn't great with money, though no one ever went hungry. His standard farewell when anyone left the house was, "Don't go off mad and hungry."  In my experience, children of the Depression tend toward ascetic frugality or extravagance, and my father was certainly of the latter camp. We drank Pepsi colas like they were water and we frequently ran shy on room under the Christmas tree, as it piled higher and higher with gifts. He would spend any extra money that came his way on steak and shrimp for everyone and he was generous, to a fault. There was real joy in his eyes over the years as he bought me saxophones and guitars and whatever else I came begging for. I'm not the only one who has needed and received his help as adult, either.

He worked second shift when I was small and then took a job in Pike County, Kentucky, that kept him away during the week. As a consequence, I didn't know him well as a small child and probably lived mostly in fear of him for a long time.

He could be a very angry man and his physical presence was intimidating. When I was bullied in junior high school, he thought nothing of calling the bully's dad and threatening to kick his ass. He also sent me to school with a "monkey fist" — a steel ball bearing wrapped in rope.

He took a great interest in my drug education program. He called me to the living room one day where he sat in his recliner. He told me I was likely to see "dope," his word for all drugs, at school. Then he asked, "You know I'd break your goddamn neck if I ever caught you doing that shit, don't you?" I never tested the veracity of this statement.

He was a lifelong Republican, though rarely showed favor toward any sitting politician. While he certainly was conservative, I think he was more of an iconoclast than anything. The state, and certainly southern West Virginia, has always voted Democrat, and a Republican in Logan County might as well have been a Whig or Know-Nothing. He owned guns, but thought that there should be limits on caliber and magazine sizes that were sold. He thought it should be illegal to burn the American flag, but was opposed to both invasions of Iraq. He watched Bill O'Reilly but thought creationism shouldn't be taught in school.

Daddy was one of the most irreligious people I know. He certainly wasn't an atheist. He'd grown up Methodist and "back-slidden," as they say. We spent a good deal of my childhood praying for Daddy to get saved, and he landed on the prayer lists of a dozen churches or more. I suppose all of Daniels Missionary Baptist Church knew he was going to Hell for about a ten-year period. He had a conversion experience of some sort when I was in high school, though the effects seemed to wear off in time. He'd been a Freemason, though was not active during my life, so I suppose he was a believer of some sort, probably of the Thomas-Jefferson/Egyptian-Illuminati/Benign-Hallmark-Greeting-Card-Deity type.

He did love the celebration of Christmas, primarily because he got to see his family.  When asked what he wanted, his standard reply was, "Seven smiling faces."  That number increased as the family grew.  He also read a poem every year called "Annie and Willie's Prayer," a story about a cold-hearted millionaire whose heart is changed at Christmas.  In recent years, there wasn't a dry eye in the house when he read it.

Part of his aversion to religion undoubtedly stemmed from his love of science, though in this, as in all areas, he has a rather mixed legacy. On the one hand, he firmly believed in a 13.7 billion-year-old universe and that human beings evolved from lower life forms. On the other, he held that aliens had built the pyramids and that the ancient civilization of Atlantis had been destroyed with a nuclear weapon. He would deny being superstitious, yet he refused to give or accept knives as gifts and would return a borrowed blade opened, so as not to severe a friendship.

If Daddy believed in sin, he thought the worst one was not working for a living. He despised those who failed to support their families and thought government entitlement was a plague in Appalachia. To my knowledge, he never missed a day at work. He valued himself largely — too much so, in fact — by the work he did.

He said he hated cats and shot at them with a BB gun, though he never seemed to hit one. He also kept a slingshot on the porch that he used to shoot at bluejays, but only because they chased away other birds. He claimed to hate the dogs we kept as pets, too, thought the first time I saw him crying while sober was when he had to put down our schnauzer, Pepper, after the animal was hit by a car.

He was a near-reckless driver.  I've ridden in the car with him when his speed exceeded 95 m.p.h. and seen him outrun police cars to avoid a ticket.  He managed to succeed in this until his old age began to diminish his eyesight, and he wasn't as good at spotting Smoky hidden in the bushes.

It was hard to know what to believe that he told you, not because he lied exactly, but because he was larger-than-life at times. Some of it was poor memory, some of it exaggeration, and some of it might be true.

He said our first ancestor with the Deskins' surname was an Indian baby who was called "Deer Skins," after being wrapped in such and left on a white family's doorstep.

He said he was named for Don Chafin, the villain of the Battle of Blair Mountain, and that Chafin had bought him a suit when he graduated high school. He said his middle named was taken from the song "Meet Me in St. Louis, Louis," though the attending nurse misspelled it L-O-U-I-E on his birth certificate. He also said he was born at home because he wanted to be close to his mother.

He said he circumcised himself when he was a teenager.

He loved children and was uncanny with babies. When I brought my son Griffin Louis (spelled correctly this time and middle-named for both his grandfather and Louis Armstrong) home from the hospital, he was passed crying from one set of arms to another, but hushed the moment Daddy held him.

He was flawed, like all of us. Some of his flaws I can talk about and others I can't, partly because they are too hurtful to those left behind and partly because I do not know the statue of limitations on certain acts and don't wish to incriminate friends and family. I don't believe in sentimentalizing someone's life, but I'd prefer to stop at inflicting pain on the living.

He drank. At times he drank a lot. He wasn't an alcoholic, because he'd never been to one of those meetings. I've seen him wax nostalgically, spew vitriol, go driving, and abuse others while under the influence. He drank primarily cheap vodka, imagining that the smell was undetectable. He kept bottles under his recliner, in the garage, and behind the seat in his pick-up truck, but I probably only saw him take a drink two or three times in my life. I have seen him passed out in the floor, however, and I've also seen the blue lights of a police car in my parents' driveway.

He was a racist. Of every piece of my father's legacy, this one troubles me more than all the rest put together. He wasn't actively racist, I don't guess. He wasn't a Klansman or anything, though perhaps that was because he wasn't much of a joiner. He watched All in Family faithfully every week and failed to note the irony which the show intended. He even occasionally called himself "Archie Bunker." He used the word "nigger" casually, and the newsworthy misdeeds of any person of color were attributed to race.

Yet, I've never seen him be unkind to any African-American person. He was always warm and genuinely friendly to black friends of mine and never said an unkind word about them. I papered my bedroom walls with posters of black faces growing up, from Prince to John Coltrane, and he never protested. Perhaps he remembered hiding Nat Cole and B.B. King records from his own intolerant mother. He was also very supportive when I went to Africa during college and listened to me talk for long periods about the importance of the African experience in American music.

I've engaged in many long arguments with him about this topic and I'd like to be able to say that he was a changed man. He wasn't though. He was a complicated man who probably grew over the years in this area. It would be too easy to say he was a "product of his time." Racism exists at all times and that's just an excuse. Yet it was certainly not his defining trait.

If someone asked what that was, I'd say, "Being a Deskins." In our family, that's shorthand for thinking for yourself, being hard-headed, and doing your own thing in spite of public sentiment or the wishes of others.

When I was little, I remember Daddy telling me that if I was walking behind a group of a hundred people and the road split in two, and 99 went one way and one person went the other — follow that one person.

It hasn't always served me well, but I suppose I am likely to pass the same advice to my son. I'm certainly not "brave" in any conventional sense. I don't go thrill-seeking or volunteer for dangerous work. On the other hand, I'm not afraid of bucking convention, of being my own person, and of thinking for myself. I suppose that is Daddy's greatest legacy to me.

The first time he seemed small to me was just three years ago.

My mom had called my up and asked if I could drive him to Haymarket, Virginia. He'd purchased a wheelchair on eBay but the shipping would cost more than the chair itself. "What's wrong with his chair?" I asked. "Nothing. He just saw one that was like his on sale for $500 less on eBay." "Is he going to sell his?" "No, I don't think so." There are about eight powered wheelchairs at their house right now because of this logic.

The trip began very warmly. I was going through a difficult personal time and wasn't in the mood for any argument. I told my mom that if he said a word about my tattoos, I'd turn the car around and leave him in Raleigh County. Instead, he began recounting his own childhood, friends he'd known, and changes he'd seen in his life that he could never have anticipated. It was exactly the sort of thing I needed to hear to clear my mind and think about my own life.

Then about an hour in, he said, "One thing we'd never have imagined was that we'd have a Muslim for president." Ugh. That quickly, all the warm-fuzzies evaporated. I told him that President Obama wasn't a Muslim, he was a Christian, and that it didn't matter anyway, because the Constitution didn't say we couldn't have a Muslim president, and since when did he get religious anyway, and if he was religious he would know that Augustine distinguished between the "city of man" and the "city of God" and that Luther wrote it was better to be ruled by "an honest Turk than a dishonest Christian." Daddy countered by quoting Fox News. It was a long drive.

We picked up the chair at an elderly woman's condo. She lived alone, no one came to see her, her kids lived far away, and she needed the money. She was doing alright, but it was a sad place anyway.

On the way home, Daddy asked to stop at a restroom. I pulled over at the first rest area, parking in the handicap spot. He surveyed it and said, "Let's go to the next." I was puzzled. "Why?" "Because I can't make it to the door without the wheelchair." The distance was about 200 feet.

In that moment, I realized just how frail this man was that I had feared all my life.

I used to joke with friends that Daddy was too mean to die.  I was wrong.

Don Louie Deskins, Sr., died peacefully in his sleep on January 27, 2014 around 1 AM.  

He smoked, drank, worked in the mines, and lived an all-around hard life. He had suffered three heart attacks and had quadruple bypass surgery. He spent his last few years using a wheelchair and an oxygen tank.

I am now 41, the same age his father was when he passed away and the same age Daddy was when I was born. I've now become a father at 41 and Daddy was twice 41 — 82. I'm not sure of the significance of all that numerology, but it reminds me that we are all connected, for better or worse, and that we all belong to one another in some way.

My father was a very complex person. He was a bigot and he was big-hearted. He was tender and he was hard as nails. He was coarse and he was worldly. He was rational and he was illogical. He was mean-spirited and he was generous. He was strong and he was weak.

Whatever legacy he has lives on most in the family he has left behind. We love you, Daddy, very much, and will miss you.


Saturday, January 18, 2014

10 Questions West Virginians Should Be Asking About the Water Crisis

On Thursday, January 9, 2014, residents of the Kanawha Valley in West Virginia learned that a chemical used to clean coal, 4-Methylcyclohexanemethanol (a.k.a., MCHM), had been spilled into the Elk River, upstream of a primary water supply.  The company responsible for the spill was Freedom Industries.  Many had suspected there was a problem all day in "Chemical Valley," as there was a notable licorice scent in the air, a scent we later learned was MCHM.  A strict "Do Not Use" order was sent from West Virginia American Water, effectively cutting water off for 300,000 people.  Schools were closed, restaurants and other businesses shut down, and medical procedures were postponed as we were told the water was only safe for flushing toilets.

In my opinion, every West Virginian should be asking our leadership these questions:

  1. Why are MCHM and other chemical agents produced in the Kanawha Valley unregulated by state or federal code?  After multiple chemical spills in the valley, why has the 1976 Toxic Substances Control Act not been reformed to protect us from these substances?
  2. Why is virtually nothing known about the toxicity of MCHM?  How can we be sure that 1 ppm is a safe level for use?  Who provided that information?  What tests were conducted?
  3. Why has Tomblin's DEP (and Manchin's before him) not been strengthened to protect our water sources?  How is it possible that this plant was last inspected in 1991?
  4. Why has Attorney General Patrick Morrisey's sole action been to warn against water price-gouging?  Why has he not acted against Freedom Industries on behalf of West Virginia citizens?
  5. Why is it that Senator Joe Manchin, Congresswoman Shelley Moore Capito, and Governor Earl Ray Tomblin felt the need to immediately spin the disaster as not in any way related to coal?  How does that even make sense, given the fact that MCHM is used in the cleaning of coal?
  6. Why do Sen. Manchin and Rep. Capito continue to attack the regulatory power of the EPA, even in light of these events?
  7. Why do 300,000 people in a rural state like West Virginia rely on a single water source?  Is it related to the fact that local water tables have been polluted by coal slurry?  
  8. How has the privatization of our water affected the water quality, and can we expect this trend to continue?
  9. Why was Freedom Industries allowed to file chapter 11 protection and be repurchased by the same owners under the guise of Mountaineer Funding, LLC, a newly-created entity that did not exist until the date of the filing?
  10. What did any of West Virginia's elected leaders do prior to January 9th to prevent this crisis from happening?

Tuesday, January 14, 2014

My Letter to Congress

On Thursday, January 9, 2014, residents of the Kanawha Valley in West Virginia learned that a chemical used to clean coal, 4-Methylcyclohexanemethanol (a.k.a., MCHM), had been spilled into the Elk River, upstream of a primary water supply.  The company responsible for the spill was Freedom Industries.  Many had suspected there was a problem all day in "Chemical Valley," as there was a notable licorice scent in the air, a scent we later learned was MCHM.  A strict "Do Not Use" order was sent from West Virginia American Water, effectively cutting water off for 300,000 people.  Schools were closed, restaurants and other businesses shut down, and medical procedures were postponed as we were told the water was only safe for flushing toilets.

This is my letter to my representative in the U.S. House, Shelley Moore Capito, regarding the event.


Dear Ms. Capito:

I am one of your constituents currently on my fifth day without water in the Kanawha Valley. I am employed by a small family-owned music store, also without water, and work as a performing musician. I'm also a recent homeowner, having purchased a house on Charleston's West Side. I had planned to move my family into the residence this coming week, but this water emergency has delayed that.

I am sure you are aware of the considerable inconvenience the lack of water has caused your consituency: no drinking water, no showers, no water to do laundry, and all the rest. More troubling is the massive economic impact. There are thousands of food service workers, bartenders, hair stylists, tattooers, and others who will go without wages. In my own field, there are dozens of musicians I know who have lost gigs because the bars, restaurants, hotels, and private parties who employ them could not open. As is so often the case, disasters like this most impact those who are least able to absorb it. The worst hit, of course, are the elderly and infirm who are shut-in and unable to make it to water distribution sites.

Much has been made by our political leaders and the news media of how wonderful West Virginians are in a crisis. When faced with gross corporate irresponsibility, our leaders turn to these myths of the noble poor to quieten communal discord. Neighbor helping neighbor, relying on faith and family, sharing with one another . . . these are all wonderful things. Yet one begins to suspect that these stories are told to keep us from asking hard questions, questions like, "How is it possible that MCHM is an unregulated chemical?" and "Why don't we know and understand the toxicity of this substance?" and "Why is a chemical like this stored so close to a primary water source for thousands of West Virginians?" and "What have our leaders done to ensure we have clean water for ourselves and our children?"

I believe I know at least a portion of the answer to these questions.

I grew up in southern West Virginia and come from a family of West Virginians. My father and many others in my family have worked in the coal industry. One of my grandfathers lost a leg while working for Winco Coal Company. The other lost his house in Amherstdale during the Buffalo Creek Flood. For as long as I remember, friends and family have always said, "Coal feeds us," and, "Coal pays the bills." Coal keeps the lights on, right?

It's not just coal, of course. The gas industry has a similar grip on much of our state. Fossil-fuel and related industries have a hold on the imaginations of West Virginians -- and a hold on our elected leaders, too. No one is elected to state or federal office who isn't beholden to industry leaders. This, of course, is why you issued a press release, just hours before the chemical leak became public, reiterating your fighting stance against the EPA. Although the release was about greenhouse-gas emissions, it was ironic to say the least.

Clean water (and clean air) seem at the very heart of why we have any sort of government at all. If these are not the "blessings of liberty," it is difficult to imagine what are. If the average person -- not to mention the very weakest members of our society -- cannot be protected from industries who would sacrifice our health for profits, then what is the purpose of our government?

I would ask several things of you as my representative in Congress, some specific and some more general.

First, I would ask you to work for the reform of the Toxic Substances Control Act. One of the reasons there was so little information about MCHM is that it was grandfathered in by the original act in 1976. As it is now, we are relying on information provided by the developer of the chemical, trusting that it is accurate. This is unacceptable. I would ask that you not only require more strict regulation of MCHM, but of all potentially harmful substances. It is mere luck that the chemical that Freedom Industries leaked was not deadly. The possibilities are frightening.

Second, I would ask that you stop seeking to strip the EPA of its regulatory power. It is this agency that we rely on as Americans to help ensure clean water and air. As much as we may depend on the coal and gas industries in our state, that means nothing if we do not have air to breathe and water to drink.

Third, I would ask that you desist from contributing to the toxic political culture of our state. Big Coal and Big Gas OWN our politicians, both Democrat and Republican. Before worrying if you will offend a corporate contributor to your election campaign, I would ask that you think of the elderly shut-in who has poisoned water this week. Before you attack the EPA, please think about my two-month old son who will grow up in a world with alarming changes in climate and weather as a result of our carbon emissions -- something innumerable scientists have proven, even if those in Congress don't believe it.

West Virginians may be a noble people. I know too many of them to argue otherwise. But I also know that they can be goddamn ANGRY people when their friends and family are attacked, as they have been by Freedom Industries. I implore you to work for change in the way we prevent these disasters.


Thank you for your consideration.

Thursday, October 10, 2013

Pop Culture Confessions

I am always one to quickly defend the virtues of popular culture, to argue, in fact, that the distinctions between "high culture," "folk culture," and "pop culture," are relatively meaningless in practical terms and apart from academic interest.  I celebrate popular culture as a gauge of our public life — politically, socially, and intellectually.  I don't disparage 35-year-old men who spend all day reading comics or writing fan fiction.  I get it.

To be a true pop culture junkie, you have to go deep.  Record nerds, comic nerds, horror nerds, movie nerds — they are all carrying around massive catalogs of information in their heads.  This may make it difficult for them to relate to normal human-type people.

Sometimes I wonder if I really qualify.  When I chat with my cousin Zack, I quickly realize I know virtually nothing about horror movies.  He can thoughtfully discuss Bela Lugosi's latter work or compare and contrast the qualities of the various actors who portrayed Jason Voorhees.  I like to think I'm a music nerd, but sometimes I wonder even about that.

Well, pride be damned, I'm going to come clean.  There is some shit I know almost nothing about.  Pop culture is just too massive.  I cannot possibly keep up with it all and still pay my bills.  So for your edification, I present my list of Pop Culture Confessions.


  1. I own no hipster records.  It's a lot safer to say that than it was a few years ago.  Let me be quick to add: it's not that I hate hipster bands.  They just don't interest me.  This might seem less surprising if it weren't for the fact that I have a reasonably large music collection.  (iTunes tells me that I currently have 23,842 "songs."  I've got some vinyl, too.)  I have no Wilco.  No Arcade Fire.  No Postal Service.  No Daft Punk.  None of that.  I'm not really sure why.  This could change at any time.  (I remember telling someone in the mid-90s that I wasn't that big of a Dylan fan.  My record collection would beg to differ these days.)  I'm just not into whiny white boy music right now.
  2. I've never seen an episode of Doctor Who.  I have no opinion on which Doctor is the best.  I only vaguely know what a "tardis" is.  We can still be friends, right?
  3. I've also only watched one episode of Breaking Bad.  Oh, come on.  Sunday night is/was also the night for "Treme," "Mad Men," and "Boardwalk Empire."  How much television can one person watch in a night?
  4. I gave up on True Blood.  And Dexter.  Speaking of Sunday nights.  These showed so much promise.  But no.  I quit on True Blood once they introduced fairies (faeries?).  And Dexter was just . . . overkill.
  5. I hated Nirvana when they broke.  So, I am the exact right age to love, love, love Nirvana, but I don't.  When I was 18, I was listening to Miles Davis and John Coltrane.  I'm not saying that to be snooty, it's just the truth.  I sort of feel like I missed something big with my own generation.  I own Nevermind now, but it has no nostalgia for me.
  6. I bought a bunch of Dave Matthews records and even saw DMB in concert.  In Charlottesville.  I realize this is a capital crime in hipsterdom and not without some reason.  Jam bands turned improvisation into a masturbatory exercise and the douche level of DMB is pretty high.  But I didn't buy any Phish records.
  7. The only comic books I bought before I was an adult were Archie comics.  The medium just didn't reach me when I was a kid.  I didn't even know anyone who was into comic books.  I don't think my town had a comic shop and I doubt my parents would have taken me to one if it did.  I totally get how cool they are and understand the obsession.  I also enjoy them to a fair degree now.  But I lack any real street cred on this topic.
Whew.  That feels better.

Need to get anything off your chest?

Monday, July 8, 2013

Why Gitmo Matters

So today is the start of Ramadan, the month-long daytime fast of Muslims worldwide.  This normally doesn't make a whole lot of news here in the U.S., but 106 of the 166 prisoners at the Guantanamo Bay Detention Camp are on a hunger strike right now.  The strike began in March and more detainees have joined in the weeks since then.  At some point, the U.S. made the decision to force-feed the prisoners, ostensibly to prevent their suicides.

Now, force-feeding doesn't really sound nice, but most of us probably just imagine something like when we make the cat swallow a pill.  But yesterday, actor Yaslin Bey (aka Mos Def) released a video recreating a force-feeding.  The thing has gone viral now and the Twitterverse is alive with discussions about what is happening there in Cuba.  The issue of how the prisoners will be force-fed through Ramadan has also been brought up by many.  The U.S. insists that they will try to only force-feed after after sunset, but many think this just won't be possible, given that it takes between 45 minutes and two hours to force-feed a prisoner a can of Ensure, and they do it twice a day.

The Pentagon has responded predictably, saying that Mr. Bey is an actor and the video was a "theatrical performance."  That really just begs the question though.*  To date, no actual video of a force-feeding in Guantanamo has been provided (ahem, Wikileaks), so most of us have no reference point.  Bey's video at least puts a face to the practice.

It also seems to have people talking about the prison camp, which seems like a good thing.  Since the first prisoners were brought there in January of 2002, the camp's existence has just become another fact of American life.  President Obama ran on promises to close the prison, but that priority has lagged.  Most of us are ill-informed about Guantanamo and it seems we'd rather not think about what goes on there.

Here are a few of the most pertinent facts:

  • Of the 166 remaining prisoners at Gitmo, 86 have been cleared for release, yet they still remain imprisoned.
  • The majority of detainees do not have demonstrated ties to terrorist organizations.
  • Only 7 of the total 779 prisoners that have ever been held in the prison camp have been convicted by the military commission set up to try them.  This is more remarkable for the fact that they are not afforded full legal rights that American citizens would expect.
  • Each prisoner costs about $800,000 a year to house.  This compares to $25,000 for the average federal prisoner.

The "international community," such as it is, feigns occasional outrage over the prison camp, but what can they do?  The Geneva Conventions only define individuals as "combatants" or "non-combatants," but the U.S. has simply by-passed these classifications by redefining the prisoners as a third unnamed category.  This seems like a pretty clear flouting of international law, but our lawmakers hide behind sovereignty and dare anyone to challenge them on the issue.  And because the "War on Terror" is, by definition, a never-ending "war," it may be that these prisoners will be detained permanently and never be repatriated.  

According to a recent poll, most Americans are in favor of keeping the prison open and almost half think that all of the prisoners pose a threat to the U.S. ­— in spite of the fact that only nine of the current prisoners are even charged with a crime.  Why is this?

Apart from a general xenophobia that we as Americans are guilty of, there seems to be a concerted effort in dehumanizing the prisoners in the public eye.  They have, from the beginning, been called extremely dangerous, although we've sent over 500 of them back home.  The military has limited the public's access even to images of the prisoners, as well as the detention camp itself, all in the name of "national security."  This may be why the Congress has blocked efforts to even bring them to U.S. soil and incarcerate them in federal prisons.  Out of sight is well out of mind for most of us.

We would like to believe the very best about our soldiers who work at Guantanamo, but we should have learned to be vigilant after Abu Ghraib and other abuse scandals.  In my mind at least, the recent letter from Prisoner 329, Abdelhadi Faraj has a ring of truth.  And if force-feeding is anything like what we have seen in Bey's video, a lot of us would classify that as torture as well.  (In a letter to Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel, the American Medical Association has said that the practice "violates core ethical values.)

America should be better than this.  Our founding documents anticipated human rights abuses and sought to prevent them.  The fourth, fifth, sixth, and eighth amendments might be invoked were we being treated in like fashion in a criminal proceeding.  Supporters of the camps argue that those rights do not extend to the prisoners in Cuba, failing to grasp that their capture and transport to foreign soil only further indicts our actions.  Were American soldiers captured and transported across the globe and held in indefinite detention and deprived of basic human rights, we would be justifiably outraged.  

Arguments that these rights do not extend to the detainees also demonstrate a fundamental misunderstanding of "rights."  Were one to ask the average American where our rights come from, he or she would hopefully not say from the Constitution, much less from the government or military.  The framers of our government said that all men were endowed with these rights and though they failed mightily to live by that creed when it came to the non-white population, it is their legacy to us.

If we likewise fail, history will judge us more harshly.  Whatever their race, language, religion, or place of birth, the 166 detainees in Guantanamo Bay are men.  They are our fellow travelers here and even those who may have committed crimes against us should be treated with dignity.  Perhaps it is due to the decline of religion in our lives, but past generations would have seen the image of God in each of the prisoners.  That's a very Christian idea, and one probably not espoused by the prisoners themselves, who are likely circumspect in not "ascribing partners to God."  Perhaps we don't need to go that far either.  Perhaps it would be enough if we could just see ourselves in these men.

Beyond what it means for the prisoners, our ability to respond with dignity to even those we number among our enemies humanizes us.  It seems we have become dull and do not easily hear the better angels of our nature speaking within us.  We are diminished by that prison camp in Cuba and as a people are more base and savage with each day it remains open.

Yet I am hopeful that as a nation we will progress toward our ideal of extending life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness to the entire human family.  Let's begin in Guantanamo.


[*I think this is a correct use of the phrase "begging the question."  I checked on Grammar Girl and everything.  Forgive me if it's not.]





Thursday, June 27, 2013

Mike and Lazarus

On Thursday, the Supreme Court of the United States struck down the federal Defense of Marriage Act, a 1996 law that forbade the recognition of gay marriages.  The ruling was the most anticipated of the session, nearly eclipsing all other action by the Court, including striking down key provisions of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

The responses to the Court's ruling were predictably varied with both opponents and defenders of DOMA taking to traditional and alternative news outlets and social media to express their joy or frustration.

Amidst all the hullabaloo, erstwhile Arkansas governor, presidential candidate, and Baptist minister (and current Fox News host) Mike Huckabee tweeted, "My thoughts on the SCOTUS ruling that determined same sex marriage is okay: 'Jesus wept.'"  I was truly surprised by the tweet.

Huckabee, a self-identified evangelical, is a graduate of Ouachita Baptist University and Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary.  In 1989 he was elected the president of the Arkansas Baptist Convention - the youngest person to ever hold the post.  My guess is that Mr. Huckabee has had multiple undergraduate and graduate courses in Biblical hermeneutics, or how to correctly interpret scripture.

For the evangelical Christian, correct interpretation of the Bible is central to faith; the Bible is infallible and is, in fact, "God-breathed."  The process of correct interpretation is called exegesis.  The term means reading in a way to learn what the original author meant when it was written.  (It's the religious equivalent of "strict interpretation" of the Constitution.)  It is contrasted with eisegesis, which is interpreting the Bible in such a way as to introduce one's own presuppositions and biases into the text.  Likewise, much care must be given by the evangelical teacher in scriptural application.  The context of the original passage is of prime importance.  Noted Christian teachers study the original Greek or Hebrew language of the text, the genre of the particular book, the author, and the historical context before presuming to speak to it's meaning or application in the lives of believers.

That's what puzzles me so much about Governor Huckabee's tweet.  I'm quite certain that he knows the context of the passage he is quoting and to make application to the subject of gay marriage is a little mystifying.

I'm sure many of you will know the story, but just a quick refresher in case it's been awhile since you've been in Sunday School:  Jesus has gone to Bethany to visit a sick friend, Lazarus, who lived with his two sisters, Mary and Martha.  By the time he arrived there, Lazarus was dead and in the tomb.  It was then that John's gospel records Jesus' tears with the shortest verse in the Bible: "Jesus wept."  Then we read that the Jews, seeing him crying, remarked, "Behold how He loved him!"  The passage goes on to describe how Jesus raised Lazarus from the dead, one of the many miracles recorded in the gospels.  (You can read the passage yourself in the 11th chapter of John.)

It's difficult to imagine any scholarly interpreter of scripture believing this passage was originally about, or had application to, the issue of whether the Congress of the United States could require states' to recognize a marriage between two people of the same sex.  The passage is usually interpreted as a picture of the power that Jesus had over death, a testament to his divinity.  In the same chapter we find him saying, "I am the resurrection and the life; he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live."  It is a heady and dramatic passage for believers and one that has given comfort in times of mourning.

It's just unfathomable to me that Huckabee would twist a passage about Jesus' love for another man (an no, I am not inferring anything sexual) to make it a passage condemning the love one person has for another.

The problem is that when you believe you are speaking not just for yourself, but for the omniscient, omnipotent, and omnipresent Creator of the universe, it is difficult to not behave with a degree of arrogance.  I know of which I speak.  I used to believe, as Mr. Huckabee does, that the Bible is the final authority on all matters and that it is infallible in every respect.  To be fair to the Governor, the Bible does, in many places, roundly condemn homosexuality - and in no mild terms.  Levitical law prescribed death for any man lying with another man, calling it an "abomination."  The New Testament, too, lists homosexuals with fornicators, idolaters, thieves, and the like, as those who will not see the kingdom of God.  If you believe that each an every word written by this group of men in past centuries is without error, it is difficult to escape the conclusion, and you are emboldened to behave as some sort of divine press secretary when the Supreme Court or Congress take up the issue.

I will not detail my change of heart and mind here, but suffice it to say that I no longer hold the opinions I once did, to the dismay of many of my family and friends.  All of my confidence that I converse minute by minute with the One who spoke worlds into existence is gone.  I have been humbled.  I'm sure that many of my Christian friends and acquaintances would ascribe that to God, but I've been humbled by my own actions in recent years.  I've learned that "all have sinned and come short of the glory of God" better than I ever did when I was an evangelical.  To me, that means I have more questions than answers, I don't know the mind of God (or even if there is a literal god), and I try to think more kindly of my fellow travelers on this planet, though I fail often enough there, too.  (And to be clear, I'm not feigning enlightenment here, nor pretending I'm moral.  Those who know me will attest I'm neither wise nor good.)

So I would caution Governor Huckabee to behave with more humility.  If Jesus of Nazareth is risen, as those books say he was, I couldn't begin to imagine what he thinks about the ruling yesterday.  The gospels only record that he attended a wedding one time, at Cana of Galilee.  It was there that he performed his first miracle, when his mother came to him to tell him that a real crisis was about to happen - they'd run out of liquid refreshment.  Most Biblical scholars will say that it was there that he attested to his approval of marriage by turning water into wine.

Mr. Huckabee might have more accurately tweeted: "Jesus is pouring the champagne."


Sunday, June 23, 2013

Spies and Metadata

I'm thinking today about Edward Snowden.

The technical contractor for Booz Allen Hamilton celebrated his 30th birthday this week hiding in Hong Kong, after revealing to The Guardian that the U.S. National Security Agency has been collecting something called "metadata" on U.S. citizens and hacking civilian computer servers of both our allies and enemies as part of a clandestine program called PRISM.  The U.S. government has revoked his passport and is seeking his extradition for revealing this information to the British newspaper.  As I write this, he has landed in Moscow, en route some believe, to Ecuador.

I'm thinking about Snowden because I believe his case provides an in-time study for how word and image cause us to process reality.  As an artist, this is no surprise.  In the age of the 24-hour news cycle, image, story, and phrase mean everything.

Take for example that word "metadata."  "Meta-" is almost certainly the most overused prefix in the English language today and no one seems to know what it means.  Meta- implies abstraction from another concept, or something that happens above or adjacent to the concept, as in "metaphysics," i.e., "above or beyond the physical realm."  "Metadata" would seem to mean "data about data," but the NSA has been collecting information about who is placing phone calls to whom and how long the calls last.  As my friend Jacob wryly noted, that just seems to be plain old data.

Yet we are meant to believe that government security agencies are not collecting "data" on U.S. citizens - it's only "metadata."  Whew.  I feel much better now.

A similar problem has arisen with just what to called Snowden.  Depending on who you ask, he may be a "traitor," or a "whistleblower."  The AP this week directed its correspondents to identify him as a "leaker," one of the most inelegant terms of recent coinage.  Some have accused him of being a "spy," failing to note the irony that he was, in fact, employed to be a spy.  Some have opined that the term "whistleblower" does not apply to Snowden as he did not follow the "proper channels" for revealing potentially embarrassing information, but what would the "proper channels" be in such a case as this?

In the age of traditional media, most of us would almost certainly know Snowden as a spy and a traitor and might not give it another thought.  But that age has passed and millions of Americans are getting to hear Snowden's story in his own words and in the words of his supporters.  Many of us wonder why the largest superpower that has ever existed is going to such great lengths to silence a man who is really just confirming something many of his fellow citizens have suspected all along.

Also troubling for the U.S. government is the image that Snowden has been able to project.  When the "enemy" is seen as "other," most of us will not investigate further.  This has been used to great effect when discussing both Islam and the Far East, whose languages, customs, and mores might be treated as a monolithic "Axis of Evil."  But Eric Snowden is a mild-mannered tech nerd with stylish glasses and hipster facial hair who has voluntarily surrendered home, family, friends, and a comfortable life in Hawaii to pass on this information.  (A similar image problem is faced in the court martial of Bradley Manning, though Americans seem to believe that soldiers should not be afforded most of the liberties for which they ostensibly fight.)

The information itself is not actually damaging to national security.  The Chinese have insisted for years that the United States is engaged in this sort of activity and now they have confirmation from someone who was involved that yes, we have hacked Chinese universities and mobile phones.  What exactly will our enemies now do with this information except say, "I told you so"?

No, the thing that is most upsetting to our government is that they are unable to control the narrative.  When we think of data we imagine things like pass codes or the locations of counter-operatives within foreign intelligence offices.  The most important piece of data that Snowden has revealed is "metadata": your government is spying on you.

That piece of data changes everything.  Government in our country is predicated on securing our liberties.  If the mechanisms designed to ensure that end are instead used to violate our liberties, what obligations do we owe our government?  As another traitor has written, "[W]hen a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them (i.e., the rights of the people) under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government . . ."  Or as Mr. Snowden has said, "The public needs to know the kind of things a government does in its name, or else 'consent of the governed' is meaningless."

The outcome of this case may well depend on who controls the story and who is able to best capture the imagination of the American people.